Pressure washing is a fast and effective way to clean and revitalize a variety of outdoor surfaces around your home. By using a high-pressure stream of water, it can blast away years of built-up dirt, grime, mold, and mildew, instantly enhancing your curb appeal and potentially increasing the lifespan of the material.

However, the powerful force of a pressure washer can also be dangerous if used improperly, leading to injury or damage to property. Understanding the differences between pressure washing and its related techniques, practicing safety, and knowing which surfaces to clean are essential for a successful DIY project.

Pressure washing vs. power washing vs. soft washing

While the terms are often used interchangeably, there are key differences that determine the right approach for a given surface:

• Pressure washing uses a high-pressure jet of cold water to clean hard, durable surfaces like concrete, brick, and paving stones.

• Power washing is similar to pressure washing but uses heated water. The hot water is more effective at removing tough oil stains, grease, and salt, and it can sanitize surfaces.

• Soft washing uses low-pressure water combined with specialized cleaning solutions to clean delicate surfaces like vinyl siding, windows, and certain types of wood. It relies on the detergent to do the cleaning, not the force of the water, preventing damage.

Is DIY pressure washing for you?

Deciding whether to DIY or hire a professional depends on the task at hand and your experience level.

• DIY projects are suitable for tasks that require less pressure and a basic understanding of equipment. For example, cleaning concrete driveways, preparing a deck for staining, or removing mildew from a brick patio.

• Professional services are recommended for complex jobs, such as cleaning your roof, as improper pressure can dislodge shingles and void warranties. A professional can also clean multi-story homes safely and effectively, and they have experience with the right techniques for each surface.

Essential safety tips

• Wear proper personal protective equipment (PPE): This includes safety glasses, gloves, and sturdy, closed-toe shoes. The powerful stream of a pressure washer can cause serious wounds and propel flying debris.

• Mind your surroundings: Always know what is in the path of your spray. The force can break windows, damage plants, and harm people or pets.

• Use the right nozzle: Different colored nozzles indicate different spray patterns and pressures. Always start with the widest, lowest-pressure setting (usually the white or green tip) on an inconspicuous area to test before proceeding. The zero-degree red nozzle can etch concrete and should be used with extreme caution.

• Protect electrical components: Never spray water directly at electrical panels, outdoor outlets, or power lines.

• Never operate a gas-powered unit indoors or in enclosed spaces: Gasoline engines produce carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas.

Concrete driveways and walkways

• Technique: A pressure washer with at least 2,500 PSI is recommended for concrete. For an even finish, use a surface cleaner attachment and work in overlapping passes, then go in a crisscross pattern.

• Procedure: Start by spraying the surface with the wand to remove loose debris. Apply a concrete-safe detergent with a low-pressure nozzle and let it sit for several minutes before cleaning with the surface cleaner.

Wood decks and fences

• Technique: Use a low-pressure setting and a wide spray nozzle. Keep the wand moving steadily to avoid streaking and damage, and stay at least a few feet from the surface.

• Procedure: A wood-specific cleaning solution is recommended for the best results, as it helps remove mildew and prepare the wood for sealing or staining. Always rinse thoroughly from top to bottom.

Siding and house exteriors

• Technique: Use a soft washing approach to avoid forcing water underneath the siding, which can lead to mold and rot. Use a low-pressure spray (around 1,500 PSI or less) and a wide spray angle.

• Procedure: Apply the detergent from the bottom of the wall and work your way up. Then, rinse from the top down, ensuring all cleaning solution is removed.

Roof Cleaning

Recommendation: This task is best left to professionals. A professional will use specialized equipment and detergents for a safe, low-pressure application that protects your roof's granules and warranty.

By approaching pressure washing with care, using the right tools, and understanding the needs of each surface, you can achieve professional-quality results while ensuring your safety and the longevity of your home.

What else can a pressure washer clean besides concrete and wood?

Besides concrete and wood, a pressure washer can clean a wide variety of outdoor surfaces and equipment, from siding and vehicles to patio furniture. When cleaning these surfaces, it's crucial to adjust the pressure setting and technique to avoid damage. For many surfaces, a low-pressure method called "soft washing" is the safest approach.

House exteriors

• Vinyl siding: A pressure washer is highly effective at removing mold, mildew, and dirt from vinyl siding. Use a low-pressure setting (1,200 to 2,000 PSI is often recommended for electric washers), a wide-angle nozzle, and spray from the bottom up to avoid streaks. To prevent water from getting behind the siding, rinse from the top down and do not spray directly at seams.

• Brick and stucco: While durable, these materials can be damaged by high pressure. Use soft washing, which relies on a detergent and a low-pressure rinse to remove surface contaminants. For brick, always check the condition of the mortar first, as high pressure can cause it to crumble.

• Stone and tile: Walkways, retaining walls, and patios made of stone or tile can be safely pressure washed. Use the appropriate pressure and cleaning solutions to remove algae, dirt, and mold.

. Plastic and metal: Both of these materials are durable and can withstand higher pressure settings than wood or wicker. However, it is still recommended to start with a lower setting to avoid scratches or dents.

• Wicker and rattan: Because these materials can be delicate and have many crevices, they require a low-pressure approach. A mild detergent and a soft brush can be used to scrub away grime before rinsing. Always remove cushions and fabric covers before you begin.

Vehicles and equipment

• Cars and trucks: A pressure washer can be a fast and effective way to clean vehicles, but you must use the correct settings to protect the paint.

  • Recommended settings: An electric pressure washer is often preferred for cars, as they typically operate at safer pressure levels (1,300 to 1,900 PSI).

  • Nozzle choice: Use a wide-angle, 40-degree nozzle for the paintwork and glass.

  • Technique: Hold the wand at least one to two feet away from the surface. Use a car-specific detergent via a foam cannon or soap nozzle, and work from top to bottom.

• Boats and trailers: Pressure washing can quickly remove algae, dirt, and barnacles from boat hulls and trailers.

• Outdoor tools: Lawnmowers, tractors, and grills can all be cleaned with a pressure washer to remove built-up grime, grease, and grass clippings.

Other surfaces

• Garage doors and floors: Pressure washing is effective for removing oil stains, dirt, and grime from garage floors and doors.

• Trash cans: An excellent way to eliminate foul smells and sanitize your trash cans is by pressure washing them.

• Fences: Metal, vinyl, and wood fences can all be cleaned with a pressure washer, with different pressure settings needed for each material.

What not to pressure wash

Not all surfaces are suitable for high-pressure water. Always avoid the following:

• Roofs: Pressure washing can damage shingles and can void warranties. Leave roof cleaning to professionals who use soft washing techniques.

• Electrical components: Never spray water directly at electrical panels, outlets, or other components.

• Windows and screens: High pressure can break glass, damage seals, and tear screen mesh.

• Older brick and mortar: Mortar on older structures is often more fragile and can be easily damaged or washed out.

• Plants and landscaping: The powerful water stream can destroy delicate plants and flowers.